Babylonian Empire Middle-Eastern empires

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the city of babylon makes second last





appearance in historical sources after fall of third dynasty of ur, had ruled city states of alluvial plain between rivers euphrates , tigris more century. agricultural crisis meant end of centralized state, , several more or less nomadic tribes settled in southern mesopotamia. 1 of these nation of amorites ( westerners ), took on isin, larsa, , babylon. kings known first dynasty of babylon.

the area reunited hammurabi, king of babylon of amorite descent. reign on, alluvial plain of southern iraq called, deliberate archaism, mât akkadî, country of akkad , after city had united region centuries before, known babylonia. 1 of fertile , rich parts of ancient world.


babylon , ally larsa fought defensive war against elam, archenemy of akkad. after war had been brought successful end, hammurabi turned against larsa, , defeated king rim-sin. scenario repeated: king zimrilim of mari, hammurabi waged war against aššur, , after success had been achieved, babylonians attacked ally , mari sacked. other wars fought against jamšad (aleppo), elam, ešnunna, , mountain tribes in zagros. babylon capital of entire region between harran in northwest , persian gulf in southeast.


hammurabi s successes became problems of successors. after annexation of mari in northwest , ešnunna in east, there no buffer against increasing power of hittite empire , kassite tribes in zagros. impossible successors of hammurabi fight against these enemies @ same time, , started lose grip. these enemies invaded babylonia, , in 1595 bce hittite king mursilis advanced along euphrates, sacked babylon, , took away statue of supreme god of babylonia, marduk, temple, esagila.


with fall of assyrian empire (612 bce), babylonian empire powerful state in ancient world. after babylonian empire had been overthrown persian king cyrus great (539), city remained important cultural center, , ultimate prize in eyes of aspiring conquerors.







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