Humanitarian disaster Congo Free State propaganda war

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the force publique became slave drivers, forcing people work nothing. enforced leopold s law against selling rubber , ivory other nations. fp s methods included mutilation, village destruction, killings, , mass murder motivate slaves , locals higher outputs. cutting off right hands , daily slave whippings common.


this brutality later dubbed red rubber , in reference blood of africans. fp caused millions of deaths, perhaps tens of millions, , more widespread mutilation.


leopold denied knowing of these details. belgian professor daniël vangroenweghe (nl) estimated leopold gained 1,250 million present day euros exploitation of congolese people, rubber. other belgian sources calculated profits congolese exploitation prior 1905 500million present-day euros..


rubber yielded huge profits state , companies anglo-belgian india rubber company (abir). value of abir shares went 500 francs (1892 gold francs) 15,000 gold francs in 1903. dividend in 1892 1 franc. in 1903 dividend 1,200 francs, more double of original price of share.








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