First Republic, Second World War, and Resistance to Nazism Communist Party of Austria

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—alfred klahr (under pseudonym rudolf ), after being asked in 1936 communist leadership in exile in prague if theoretical notion of independent austrian nation separate germany existed.

the kpÖ took independent stance mainstream in views nationhood , austrian identity separate germany, leading communist intellectual alfred klahr writing view austrian people part of germany theoretically unfounded. in contrast, many austrian social democrats regarded affiliation german nation natural , desirable. echoing thoughts of klahr, kpÖ expressed firm belief in independent austria when country annexed nazi germany in march 1938. in historic call das österreichische volk (english: austrian people), party denounced adolf hitler’s dictatorship , called on people fight independent austria.


as result of molotov-ribbentrop pact of 1939, number of austrian communists-in-exile, such kpÖ founder member franz koritschoner, deported soviet union , handed on nazis. after war broke out between germany , soviet union, soviets reverted stance , tried support austrian communists against former allies.


during third reich, kpÖ played important role in austrian resistance, fighting side-by-side former political enemies such christian socialists, catholics, monarchists, , farmers against hitler s regime. kpÖ took order of allied powers in moscow declaration october 1943, called austria s own contribution liberation fascism precondition resurrection of own state. more 4,000 communists imprisoned or sent concentration camps , more 2,000 lost live during resistance, including 13 members of kpÖ s central committee. there austrian communist resistance network in belgium, Österreichische freiheitsfront (english: austrian freedom front).


there disagreement amongst historians if kpÖ fought nazis out of patriotism, or followed pattern of ideological fight of communism against fascism in general. internal party documents show truth somewhere in middle; kpÖ wanted country free german occupation as wanted become communist.








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