World War II Grodno

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old castle


during polish defensive war of 1939 garrison of grodno used creation of numerous military units fighting against invading wehrmacht. in course of soviet invasion of poland initiated on september 17, there heavy fighting in city between soviet , improvised polish forces, composed of march battalions , volunteers. in course of battle of grodno (september 20–september 22), red army lost hundred men (by polish sources; soviet sources - 57 killed , 159 wounded) , 19 tanks , 4 apcs destroyed or damaged. polish side suffered @ least 100 killed in action, military , civil, losses still remain uncertain in detail (soviet sources claim 644 killed , 1543 captives many guns , machine guns etc. captured). many more poles shot in mass executions after being imprisoned. after engaged polish units surrounded, remaining units withdrew lithuania.


in accordance molotov-ribbentrop pact city transferred belarusian ssr of soviet union, , several thousand of city s polish inhabitants deported remote areas of soviet union. on june 23, 1941 city came under german occupation lasted until 16 july 1944. surviving inmates of grodno prison released , scale of nkvd prisoner massacres revealed. in course of operation barbarossa in world war ii, majority of jews herded nazis grodno ghetto , subsequently exterminated in german concentration camps.



since 1945 city has been centre of 1 of provinces of belarusian ssr, of independent republic of belarus. majority of poles expelled or fled poland 1944–1946 , 1955–1959.








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