History Philippine Navy

1 history

1.1 pre-colonial period
1.2 creation of naval forces (on spanish era)
1.3 american colonial period (1901–1941)
1.4 world war ii (1941–1945)
1.5 post-world war ii era
1.6 1960s , beyond
1.7 present situation

history

pre-colonial period

before spanish arrived in philippines ancient peoples there engaging in naval warfare, trade, piracy, travel , communication using balangay. flotilla of balangay discovered in late 1970s in butuan city, agusan del norte.

a karakowa ancient battleship lantaka cannons.

philippine ships, such karakao or korkoa of excellent quality , of them used spaniards in expeditions against rebellious tribes , dutch , british forces. of larger rowed vessels held hundred rowers on each side besides contingent of armed troops. generally, larger vessels held @ least 1 lantaka @ front of vessel or 1 placed @ stern. philippine sailing ships called praos had double sails seemed rise on hundred feet surface of water. despite large size, these ships had double outriggers. of larger sailing ships, however, did not have outriggers.

antecedent raids, somethime between a.d. 1174 , 1190, traveling chinese government bureaucrat chau ju-kua reported group of ferocious raiders of china’s fukien coast called pi-sho-ye, believed have lived on southern part of formosa. in a.d. 1273, work written ma tuan lin, came knowledge of non-chinese readers through translation made marquis d’hervey de saint-denys, gave reference pi-sho-ye raiders, thought have originated southern portion of formosa. however, author observed these reaiders spoke different language , had entirely different appearance (presumably when compared inhabitants of formosa).

in battle of manila in 1365 unspecified , disputed battle occurring somewhere in vicinity of manila between forces of kingdoms in luzon , empire of majapahit.

even though exact dates , details of battle remain in dispute, there claims of conquest of area around saludong (majapahit term luzon , manila) according text nagarakretagama

nevertheless, there may have been battle manila occurred during time victory luzon s kingdoms considering kingdom of tondo had maintained independence , not enslaved under ruler. alternatively, luzon may have been invaded able regain independence later.

creation of naval forces (on spanish era)

the republic s need naval force first provided filipino revolutionaries when included provision in biák-na-bató constitution. authorised government permit privateers engage foreign enemy vessels.

(w)hen necessary army organized … protection of coasts of philippine archipelago , seas; secretary of navy shall appointed , duties of office added constitution.

on may 1, 1898, first ship handed admiral george dewey revolutionary navy small pinnace reina cristina of admiral patricio montojo, named magdalo.

the philippine navy established during second phase of philippine revolution when general emilio aguinaldo formed revolutionary navy composed of small fleet of 8 spanish steam launches captured spaniards. ships refitted 9 centimeter guns. rich, namely leon apacible, manuel lopez , gliceria marella de villavicencio, later donated 5 other vessels of greater tonnage, taaleño, balayan, bulusan, taal , purísima concepción. 900-ton inter-island tobacco steamer further reinforced fleet, compania de filipinas (renamed navy flagship filipinas), steam launches purchased china , other watercraft donated wealthy patriots.

naval stations later established serve ships home bases in following:

ports of aparri
ports of legaspi
ports of balayan
ports of calapan
ports of san roque, cavite

on september 26, 1898, aguinaldo appointed captain pascual ledesma (a merchant ship captain) director of bureau of navy, assisted captain angel pabie (another merchant ship captain). after passing of malolos constitution navy transferred ministry of foreign relations department of war (thereafter known department of war , navy) headed gen. mariano trías.

as tensions between filipinos , americans erupted in 1899 , continued blockade on naval forces americans, philippine naval forces started decimated.

american colonial period (1901–1941)


a u.s. navy vought o2u corsair floatplane flying on cavite navy yard, c. 1930.

the american colonial government in philippines created bureau of coast guard , transportation, aimed maintain peace , order, transport philippine constabulary troops throughout archipelago, , guard against smuggling , piracy. americans employed many filipino sailors in bureau , in bureaus of customs , immigration, island , inter-island transportation, coast , geodetic survey, , lighthouses. reopened former spanish colonial escuela nautica de manila, renamed philippine nautical school, adopting methods of united states naval academy @ annapolis. u.s. naval academy accepted first filipino midshipman in 1919, , filipinos able enlist in u.s. navy, formerly able in spanish navy.

world war ii (1941–1945)


sangley point cavite navy yard burning after japanese air attack on 10 december 1941. small-arms shells explode (left) , torpedo-loaded barge (center) burns.

in 1935, commonwealth government passed national defense act, aimed ensure security of country. criticized because placed burden of defense of philippines on ground forces, in turn, formed reservists. discounted need commonwealth air force , navy, , naval protection provided united states asiatic fleet.

relatively small fleet of such vessels, ...will have distinct effect in compelling hostile force approach cautiously , small detachments.

when world war ii began, philippines had no significant naval forces after united states withdrew asiatic fleet following attack on pearl harbor imperial japanese navy. philippines had rely on osp headquarters located @ muelle del codo, port area, manila, composed of 5 high-speed thorneycroft coast motor boat (cmb) 55-foot (17 m) , 65-foot (20 m) pt boats, known q-boats, repel japanese attacks sea.

during course of war, osp undaunted enemy s superiority fought zeal, courage , heroism. intrepid , successful missions , raids on enemy ships, unit dubbed mosquito fleet because of minuscule size, speed , surprise, shown capability attack deadly sting. unit cited gallantry in action when q-boats squadron shot 3 of 9 japanese dive bombers flying towards shore installations in bataan. osp participated in evacuation of high philippine , u.s. government officials manila corregidor when manila declared open city. surviving personnel of offshore patrol didn t surrender after april 9, 1942 japanese, conducted recognized guerrilla , local military troops of philippine commonwealth army hit-and-run attacks against occupying japanese forces until return of u.s. forces. end of war, 66 percent of men awarded silver star medal , other decorations gallantry in action.

post-world war ii era

in 1945, after liberation of philippines, osp reactivated , led major jose andrada, reorganize , rebuild core of surviving osp veterans, plus additional recruits. osp strengthened in 1947 after president of philippines manuel roxas issued executive order no. 94. order elevated patrol major command equal philippine army, constabulary, , air force. osp renamed philippine naval patrol, later on changed name again philippine navy on january 5, 1951. first commanding officer of navy, jose andrada, became first commodore , chief. year when naval aviation arm of navy formed, naval air group.

in 1950, secretary of defense ramon magsaysay created marine battalion carry out amphibious attacks against communist hukbalahap movement. next year, president elpidio quirino issued executive order no. 389, re-designating philippine naval patrol philippine navy. composed of naval , marine forces, combat vessels, auxiliary craft, naval aircraft, shore installations, , supporting units necessary carry out functions of service.

in succeeding decades, philippine navy organized following units (aside marines):

naval shore establishment
naval operating forces
philippine coast guard
home defense command
military sealift , terminal command

1960s , beyond

during 1960s, philippine navy 1 of best-equipped navies in southeast asia. many of countries in region gained independence between world war ii , 1960s. in 1967, maritime law enforcement functions of navy transferred philippine coast guard. duties stayed coast guard , in 1990s became independent service under department of transportation , communications.

after 1960s, government had shift attention towards communist insurgency , led strengthening of philippine army , philippine air force while naval operations confined troop transport, naval gunfire support, , blockade.

present situation

the 1992 withdrawal of united states bases in philippines, such subic naval base, forced philippine navy rely on own resources. withdrawal largely seen inevitable , natural consequence of end of cold war following collapse of warsaw pact. resulted in security vacuum in region tensions owing deep-seated historic animosities , geopolitical disputes persisted. pull-out drew renewed attention potential flashpoints, such korean peninsula , spratly islands, bring nations open conflict in future. these developments hastened 1995 passage of afp modernization law philippine congress, goal strengthen defense capabilities.