Islamic invasions (8th to 12th century AD) Slavery in India

levi notes these figures cannot entirely dismissed exaggerations since appear supported reports of contemporary observers. in 11th century tarikh al-yamini, arab historian al-utbi recorded in 1001 armies of mahmud of ghazni conquered peshawar , waihand (capital of gandhara) after battle of peshawar (1001), in midst of land of hindustan , , enslaved thousands. later, following twelfth expedition india in 1018–19, mahmud reported have returned such large number of slaves value reduced 2 ten dirhams each. unusually low price made, according al-utbi, merchants came distant cities purchase them, countries of central asia, iraq , khurasan swelled them, , fair , dark, rich , poor, mingled in 1 common slavery .