History Colca Canyon

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woman tame hawk in yanque, 1 of 3 main tourist towns of colca canyon


the quechua-speaking cabanas, descended wari culture, , aymara-speaking collaguas, moved area lake titicaca region, inhabited valley in pre-inca era. inca arrived in colca valley around 1320 ad, , established dominion through marriage, rather through warfare. spaniards, under gonzalo pizarro, arrived in 1540 , in 1570s spanish viceroy francisco de toledo ordered inhabitants leave scattered settlements , move series of centrally located pueblos, remain principal towns of valley. franciscan missionaries built first chapel in valley in 1565, , first church in 1569.


no passable roads existed between arequipa , chivay until 1940s, when road completed serve silver , copper mines of region. more roads built in 1970s , 1980s majes hydroelectric project, program divert water colca river irrigate crops in majes region. access today via arequipa.


in may 1981, polish canoandes rafting expedition led jerzy majcherczyk, made first descent of river below cabanaconde, , proclaimed possibility of being world s deepest canyon. recognized guinness book of records in 1986, , national geographic article in january 1993 repeated claim. joint polish/peruvian cañon del colca 2005 expedition verified altitudes of river , surrounding heights via gps.


tourism has increased since 1980s , 1990s few thousand visitors annually 150,000 visitors in 2010.







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