History Opioid

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a sample of raw opium


opioids among world s oldest known drugs. medical, recreational, , religious use of opium poppy predates common era. in 19th century morphine isolated , marketed, , hypodermic needle invented, introducing rapid, metered administration of primary active compound. synthetic opioids invented, , biological mechanisms discovered in 20th century.


non-clinical use criminalized in united states harrison narcotics tax act of 1914, , other laws worldwide. since then, non-clinical use of opioids has been rated 0 on scale of approval of every social institution. however, in united kingdom 1926 report of departmental committee on morphine , heroin addiction under chairmanship of president of royal college of physicians reasserted medical control , established british system of control—which lasted until 1960s; in u.s. controlled substances act of 1970 markedly relaxed harshness of harrison act.


before twentieth century, institutional approval higher, in europe , america. in cultures, approval of opioids higher approval of alcohol. opiates used treat depression , anxiety until mid-1950s.








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