Grapheme-phoneme correspondences Common Turkic Alphabet

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examples of latin turkic alphabets 1922-1940



Ţ (t-cedilla, minuscule: ţ) letter originating part of romanian alphabet, used represent romanian , moldovan phoneme /t͡s/, voiceless alveolar affricate (like ts in bolts). written letter t small comma below, , has both lower-case , upper-case variants. part of gagauz alphabet , livonian alphabet. letter corresponds cyrillic tse (Ц) in romanisation of cyrillic turkic alphabets.
Ḑ (d-cedilla, minuscule: ḑ) letter originating part of old romanian alphabet, used represent old romanian , moldovan sound /d͡z/, voiced alveolar affricate. written letter d small comma below, , has both lower-case , upper-case variants. part of livonian alphabet. letter corresponds cyrillic dze (Ѕ) in romanisation of cyrillic turkic alphabets.
Ṡ (ص), Ż (ظ), Ṫ (ط) , Ḋ (ض) used arabic transcriptions; emphatic consonants represent not exist in turkic languages. example: ramaḋan, kaḋı, kaḋa, Ḋarb, Ḋarbe, Ṡahib, Ṡabun, huṡuṡ, arḋ, Ṡabr, etc.
the latin letter Ë (e-umlaut) has no relation cyrillic letter Ё (yo). latin letter Ë represents sound sequence /je/ , corresponds cyrillic letter Є in ukrainian or Е in russian.
the cyrillic Ѕ, Љ, , Њ originate in macedonian alphabet (with latter 2 being in serbian) , represent same phonemes in cta.




^ vowel represented ⟨ı⟩ commonly transcribed ⟨ɨ⟩ in linguistic literature.
^ ИЗ ИСТОРИИ ПИСЬМА АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНСКИХ ТЮРКОВ, Мансур Рахбари (Южный Азербайджан, Иран), bextiyartuncay. Э(ə) harfi için örnek - э(ə)СРи : леорард ( Китаб аль – Идрак ли – Лисан аль – Атрак ), тигр (Махмуд Кашгари)
^ eesti keele instituut / institute of estonian language knab: kohanimeandmebaas / place names database, taadi / tat / Жугьури džuhuri latinisatsioon / romanization: knab 2012-09-30 - notes-2: in earlier azerbaijani cyrillic there variations: ə (= э).
^ examples: Ämäk/Эmək/Əmək, Ämir/Эmir/Əmir, Äsas/Əsas/Эsas...
^ ilya yevlampiev, karl pentzlin , nurlan joomagueldinov, n4072 revised proposal encode arabic characters used bashkir, belarusian, crimean tatar, , tatar languages, iso/iec jtc1/sc2/wg2, 20 may 2011. [1]
^ janka stankievic. mova rukapisu al kitab. casc i. fonetyka. new york 1954
^ Вольскі В. Асноўныя прынцыпы арабскай транскрыпцыі беларускага тэксту ў Кітабах . Узвышша 1927. №6
^ lorna a. priest, proposal encode additional latin orthographic characters uighur latin alphabet, 2005
^ marinella lörinczi angioni, coscienza nazionale romanza e ortografia: il romeno tra alfabeto cirillico e alfabeto latino , la ricerca folklorica, no. 5, la scrittura: funzioni e ideologie. (apr., 1982), pp. 75–85.
^ ulutaş, İsmail. 2004. relative clauses in gagauz syntax. istanbul: isis press. isbn 975-428-283-8
^ negruzzi, constantin, studii asupra limbei române, in vol. alexandru lăpuşneanul , ed. pentru literatură, bucharest, 1969.






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